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Vision problems affect |
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12 million children in USA
1 in 20 preschoolers
1 in 4 school-age children. |
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| Many vision problems begin at an early age . Vision screening and eye examination are vital for infants and young children to detect the conditions that distort or suppress the normal visual image which can lead to permanent vision loss, developmental delay, and learning difficulty. |
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| Look us carefully and check with our doctors if you have any concerns |
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Do our eyes appear unusual?
Do our eyes appear straight or do they seem to cross or drift or seem lazy?
Do we seem to fix on your face or see well?
Do our eyelids droop or does one eyelid tend to close? |
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| If we don’t show the following the signs, check with our doctors |
| By the end of 3 months |
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Watch your faces and close objects intently in the bright rooms
Follow your faces and moving objects past midline
Hold eyes on the moving objects even when the object stops.
Starts to coordinate hands and eyes such as looking on own hands |
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By the end of 6 months |
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Recognizes all colors
Recognizes familiar people or toys at a distance
Ability to track moving objects all around
Follow objects from near to far and back to near again
Watch activity around us and show interest for “new things” in our rooms
Can see smaller objects |
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| One year old |
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Our vision is close to being fully developed.
Can see objects in dim rooms (equal brightness perception to adults)
Integrate vision with gross motor skills such as pointing, grasping, placing, and catching | |
2 to 5 years old |
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Integrate vision with fine motor skills to draw and look at pictures.
Connect stories to pictures, drawings and symbols.
Coordinate hearing and vision. |
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Eye Exam and Vision Screens for Children Birth to 2 years old |
| Time for an eye exam and vision evaluation: at hospital nursery and
during each well baby exams |
| Contents of eye exam and vision evaluation |
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Eyelids and orbits
External structures of the eyes
Visual fixation
Eye movement and muscle balance
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Pupils
Field of Vision
Vision assessment
Red reflex |
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Red reflex can help detect several congenital eye problems such as retinoblastoma, congenital cataract, glaucoma, etc. Some of which can be very serious and permanently threaten vision. |
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| Eye Exam and Vision Screens for Children 3 years old and older |
| Time for an eye exam and vision evaluation: with each well check-up annually |
| Vision screen tests including age appropriate visual acuity measurement |
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Start at 3 years old, then once a year to 6 years old
Once every other year from 6 to 12 years old
Once every 3-4 years for teens |
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| If we have a family history of eye or vision problems like the following, check with our doctors |
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Retinoblastoma
Congenital cataract |
Congenital retinal dysplasia
Other congenital retinal and lenticular disorders | |
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| If we have the following condition, we need more frequent vision screen tests |
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We hold objects close to our face when trying to focus
Family history of eye or vision problems
Preschool or early childhood use of glasses in parents or siblings
Premature birth or developmental delay
Previous eye injury
Use of certain medications
Some diseases that may affect the eyes (such as diabetes or HIV infection) |
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If an infant or a child fails a vision exam or screening or there is any concern of an eye or vision problem, the infant or the child should be referred for a comprehensive professional eye examination by a eye specialist. |
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